Sally Hansens Insta-Dri Fast Dry Nail Color Advertisement...

Cosmopolitan is a women’s magazine for fashion, sex advice, dating tips and celebrity news. This magazine has been around since 1886, but it had a totally different concept, until 1965. When it was first launched in 1886 by Paul Schlicht, it was considered a family magazine. It wasn’t until 1965 when a woman by the name of Helen Brown took over the magazine in seeking somewhere women could go to get advice on various topics. Now the magazine is being run by Kate White, Editor in Chief. Because Cosmo contains explicit information that is not advised to people under eighteen, its demographic is women who are at the ages of eighteen and older, Some grocery stores have to cover it up because of the complaints of its sexually explicit†¦show more content†¦One ad that was found in this magazine is an advertisement for Sally Hansen Insta-Dri Fast Dry Nail Color. The ad for Sally Hansen Insta-Dri Fast Dry Nail Color caught my eye because it uses an intriguing analogous color scheme, of magenta and deep purple. The ad shows a female’s hand with nails that have shiny flashy fuchsia polish and she seems to be buckling her shoe. She has on a flirty peep-toe purple heel and has uptempo purple nail polish on her toenails. The ad captives the reader with its catch line of â€Å"Nail Color Newsflash. One Stroke. One Coat. Done.† This slogan explains that with one stroke of the brush that one will have full coverage of the nail polish on your nail. The ad also says that one coat, which means that with one coat ones nail with be fully covered with nail polish. The ad also gives in more details of the advantages of the Nail Color, such as the one-stroke application, one-coat coverage, and that it dries in just 60 seconds. The ad shows the twenty- four shades of nail colors for this brand. This is one of the many products made by Sally Hansen. Sally Hansen is known for their beauty products. When advertising their products they use the slogan, â€Å"Beauty that Works.† They have a wide variety of products that help with body, hands, lips, feet, face, and hair removal. Sally Hansen has a three page advertising spread in this magazine because of the people that read it appeal to their

Persuading a Child to Choose One Parent over an Other

Analysis: When one parent is fighting to get custody of a child, the parent will do whatever it takes to get the child on his or her side. The parent might buy the child gifts, bribe them, tell them false information about the other parent; anything to persuade the child to chose that parent. Research shows that a human brain may not reach its full development until a person is in their twenties or possibly even thirties. Children are not cable of making responsible decisions, and they don’t know what is best for them. That’s why the parents usually make decisions for their children. If the child is put in a position where he or she has too much power the child may make the wrong decision. Conclusion: Thus, because a child’s brain is not fully developed, and children can’t make responsible decisions for themselves, a child is not capable of deciding which parent they want to live with during a custody battle. Issue 3: The issue is whether children in foster care should be able to stay with their foster parents after they turn eighteen. Rule statement: Foster care provides a home for children who have been abandoned, neglected or abused, and who temporarily are not able to live at home. During the time that the child lives in a foster home, the foster parents provide the same care that the childrens own parents would have provided. Foster care agency provides a monthly check to help cover the childs room and board. When the child reaches the age of eighteen he or sheShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization And Practice Of Abortion Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesEver since the Roe v. Wade decision legalized abortion in 1973, clashes between those who favor and oppose the practice have occurred frequently. The issue quickly became one of the hottest topics of discussion, as people sprinted to one side or the other. 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QPMT Quality and Total Quality Management free essay sample

Quality comprises attributes such as compatibility, reliability, usability and maintainability. For any kind of business, satisfying customers through high quality product and services plays an important role in its sustainability. Total Quality Management (TQM) is an approach seeking to improve the quality of the product and the performance of the organization which can meet or exceed customer expectation. This is obtainable by integrating all quality related functions and processes throughout the organizations. By taking into account all quality measurements, total quality management seeks to improve the quality and performance by involving all members of the organization. Through implementing planned strategies and efficient communication, total quality management integrates the quality rules into corporate culture and its activities. Quality management in the context of project includes processes of operating organization that insures quality policies, objectives as well as responsibilities which they in return fulfils the needs of undertaken projects. The phases in project quality management include; quality planning, quality assurance and quality control. All the mentioned phases need to be integrated and be communicated throughout the process, so that the product of the project can be managed effectively. According to quality management system standards (ISO 9000:2000 and 9000:2008), there are eight principles for quality management. These principles are namely; Customer Focus, Leadership, People Involvement, Process Approach, System Approach to Management, Continual Involvement, Factual Approach to Decision Making and mutually beneficial Superior Leadership (Howard amp; Gitlow, 2004). . Company Background 3. 2. JEEVES PLC The company is called JEEVES PLC, manufacturing and selling an electric consumer durable product in the category of the domestic robot with human appearance. The purpose of designing and producing such robot was to accomplish wide range of domestic tasks. The organizational chart consists of Nine (9) departments or parts (Figure 2. 1). At the top of the hierarchy there is the production director, follows by purcha sing manager, chief inspector, works manager, and production control manager whereby the works are subset of the production director. The company operates using three different shifts whereby after every 8 hours the new shift is replaced with the previous one. Production wise, the assembly line includes steps namely; cutting, pressing, jointing, cleaning and spraying, general machining, back assembly, head assembly, front assembly, arm assembly, leg assembly, adhesives, final assembly, and software installation. Each of the above mentioned steps has its own supervisor and most of the assembly work is done with computerized machinery. Some particular stems that cannot be done with the help of computerized machines will be done manually. Individual Assignment Quality Project Management (QPMT) Figure 2. 1 – JEEVES PLC Organizational Chart 3. 3. Company product The product of the company is a domestic robot very look like human that is made of light alloy and can carry out numerous tasks (Figure 2. 2). Figure 2. 2 The robot can be programmed using a keyboard that is installed inside the chest. Accordingly, the machine is able to walk, move around and make other movements. The robot is also equipped with voice programming, giving the ability to the machine to respond to the vices that is heard. As part of the promotion, numbers of other software programs for performing daily tasks are offered with initial purchase of the product. 3. 4. Production Process The duration of the production process is 5 weeks and includes the following phases; During the 1st Week, the raw materials such as ultra-lightweight Kevlar from a local steel stockholder and other components like audio recognition electric motor are ordered from suppliers. During the 2nd Week, the raw materials and supplies are inspected and moved to the component store. During the 3rd Week, the sheets are cut, drilled, pressed into the required shapes. During the 4th Week, the product goes through machining and precision jointing process. Moreover, the audio recognition system, radar vision, gyroscopic and balance system are placed to the robot. The other major components such as Battery, Ceramic Electric Motor, set of printed Circuit Boards and Memory Storage Card are placed in the body of the robot in order. During the last week legs, arms and joints are assembled, using high technology adhesive for connecting the parts. After successful installation of the software, the product is sent to the final inspection and testing (Figure 2. 3). The minimum of 0. % of standard limit is set by the company for supplied material to be inspected and certified quality standard. However, only 5% of the whole product (as a sample) is allocated and sent to the inspection department for testing. Most of the scraps that are created through the cutting process are discarded and painting process is done through series of chemical phases to prevent ru st. In overall the company tries to select and utilize the latest technology and the most expensive tools and materials including high skilled technicians/specialists to improve the production and company performance, so that it can achieve the best. . 5. Factory Layout Figure 2. 3 – Factory Layout 3. Problems and Root Cause Definition Root cause definition, problem finding and providing an effective solution to it accordingly is one of the most important parts of the solution finding. The following steps are necessary in solution finding process (Hamzah amp; Ho, 1994); * Determining the major problems in the case study by looking at the processes and procedures. * Focusing on the root causes of the problematic situation. * Finding the most suitable solution among the identified options that can effectively solve the problem. Accordingly, the following problems are identified within the current case study; 4. 6. Problems in the Production Process 4. 7. 1. Precision Jointing According to the case study, the precision jointing is the most expensive procedure whereby it requires the involvement of high qualified technicians. Looking at the rejection rate in the process of jointing mechanism (Figure 3. 1. 1 (A)), number of rejection can be notified that is outside the tolerance set by the company (Table 3. 1. 1). Date| Rejects| Date| Rejects| 21 OCT (Mon)| 0. 17| 11 NOV (Mon)| 0. 21| 22 OCT| 0. 11| 12 NOV| 0. 13| 23 OCT| 0. 3| 13 NOV| 0. 15| 24 OCT| 0. 14| 14 NOV| 0. 14| 25 OCT| 0. 11| 15 NOV| 0. 12| 26 OCT| 0. 15| 16 NOV| 0. 15| 28 OCT| 0. 16| 18 NOV (Mon)| 0. 22| 29 OCT| 0. 13| 19 NOV| 0. 14| 30 OCT| 0. 14| 20 NOV| 0. 12| 31 OCT| 0. 11| 21 NOV| 0. 13| 1 NOV| 0. 12| 22 NOV| 0. 14| 2 NOV| 0. 13| 23 NOV| 0. 16| 4 NOV (Mon)| 0. 24| 25 NOV (Mon)| 0. 25| 5 NOV| 0. 14| 26 NOV| 0. 14| 6 NOV| 0. 14| 27 NOV| 0. 13| 7 NOV| 0. 16| 28 NOV| 0. 12| 8 NOV| 0. 16| 29 NOV| 0. 15| 9 NOV| 0. 15| 30 NOV| 0. 14| Table 3. 1. 1 – Percentages of Rejection Rate of Precision Jointing Mechanism Figure 3. 1. 1 (A) – Rejection Rate in Percentage Looking at Table and Figure 3. 1. 1, it can be indicated that the most rejection peaks are on 21st October, 4th, 11th, 18th, and 25th November respectively, which are the first day of the week after holiday. This could be to the machineries being over worked and need some time to get started after the holiday. As it was mentioned in the introduction, the factory operates in three different shifts (3 shift system with 144 hours per week, which is 48 weeks per each year). Each shifts works for 8 hours per day, where the first shift is from 6 am to 2, second shift from 2 pm to 10 and third shift from 10 pm to 6 am. According to the information provided in the case study the rejection rate in the morning shift is 10% (Figure 3. 1. 1 (B)). Whereas, according to the case, the supervisor for the morning shift is a reliable man with good productivity and competent record, which means there are no problem with personnel and staff in that particular shift. Figure 3. 1. 1 (A) and Figure 3. 1. 1 (B) indicates that the most rejection occurs in the third shift. This could be due to inappropriate working hours and personnel tiredness and lack of motivation. Figure 3. 1. 1 (A) – Rate of Rejection Based on the Shifts Figure 3. 1. 1 (B) – Rate of Rejection Based on the Shifts 4. 7. 2. Adhesive Applicators amp; Component Sub-assembly High technology cured epoxy adhesive for jointing the robots. When applicators receive the casing halves throughout the process, they spread the mixture of the adhesive on the contact surface by special injector. Most of the joints are made using the computerized robots, however, the parts that cannot be done by machines, are done manually. Each applicator is supposes to do 10 joints per hour as the management places heavy emphasis on the productivity standards. The management pressure results in misaligned and poorly fitted joints. Thus, the productivity of final assembly is reduced as a result of spending more time on repairing the joints. More causes of misalignment are outlined in Figure 3. 1. 2 (A). Most of the applicators obtain average skills. Workers need to attach components to the cases using advanced adhesive, where the process is computerized. Due to incompatibility issues between materials, the electric motors and batteries have to be placed on the product manually, using power tools. This requires each worker to place 12 bolts by average on the product, one bolt for battery and one for electric motor. As one of the most operative and active inspections is the back casing of the body, and the rejection rate for the loose components is approximately 1. 2% and 0. 5% respectively the rework for this part is increased more. The staff turnover of almost 25% per year among these operatives in this section is one of the uprising issues. Moreover, 90% of the optical fiber cabling and wiring are controlled and connected with computer and only 10% of wiring is done manually. Staff turnover in this section is 10% per annum. The analysis of reject at final or intern inspection as well as causes are outlined in Table 3. 1. 2 and Figure 3. 1. 2 (B). Lack of Feedback Average Skills Work Condition Not Enough Training Figure 3. 1. 2 (A) – Cause amp; Effect Diagram Misalignment Misalignment Task Pressure Lack of Training Low amp; Average Skilled Workers Management Emphasis on Productivity Standards | W/E| 26/10| 02/11| 09/11| 16/11| 23/11| 30/11| 07/12| 1| Damaged Circuit Boards| 0. 4| 0. 3| 0. 9| 0. 6| 0. 4| 0. 5| 0. 3| 2| Inaccurate Jointing Mechanism| 0. | 0. 3| 0. 2| 0. 5| 0. 7| 0. 6| 0. 9| 3| Loose Wiring| 1. 0| 0. 8| 1. 4| 1. 1| 0. 9| 0. 7| 0. 8| 4| Loose Components| 1. 6| 1. 7| 1. 5| 1. 7| 1. 4| 1. 6| 1. 7| 5| Finished Cases not Being Standard| 1. 1| 1. 3| 0. 9| 1. 0| 1. 2| 0. 8| 1. 3| 6| Electric Motors Being Defective| 0. 3| 0. 9| 0. 7| 0. 8| 0. 4| 1. 1| 1. 0| 7| Burnt Wiring| 0. 2| 0. 1| 0. 4| 0. 1| 0. 3| 0. 2| 0. 2| 8| Battery Not Holding Enou gh Charge| 0. 1| 0. 1| 0. 1| 0. 2| 0. 1| 0. 1| 0. 2| 9| Connections Being Poor| 1. 4| 1. 5| 1. 7| 1. 5| 1. 3| 1. 6| 1. 5| 10| Audio Recognition System Being Defective| 0. | 0. 1| 0. 1| 0. 9| 0. 3| 0. 2| 0. 1| 11| Misalignment in Front and Back Casing/Inadequate Seal| 0. 8| 1. 1| 1. 1| 0. 9| 1. 3| 0. 8| 0. 7| 12| External Components Being Broken| 0. 7| 0. 5| 0. 8| 0. 3| 1. 1| 0. 4| 1. 0| 13| Radar Vision System Being Defective| 0. 1| 0. 2| 0. 2| 0. 7| 0. 1| 0. 1| 0. 2| 14| Perished Rubber Hosing| 0. 1| 0. 1| 0. 2| 0. 2| 0. 1| 0. 1| 0. 2| 15| Others| 2. 1| 1. 7| 2. 4| 1. 9| 1. 6| 2. 3| 2. 0| Table 3. 1. 2 – Analysis Final Rejection and Inspection Figure 3. 1. 2 (B) – Final Rejection Cause amp; Effect Diagram 4. 7. Employee Problems In any company staff turnover can cause major problems in both productivity and performance of the organization. The turnover return refers to the movement of employees in and out of the organization and other words refer to the employees who leave the company, which can be very costly for the corporate. The average turnover of the company in the current case study is 15% which is quite consistent. However, in the sub assembly section the turnover is 25% per annum specially at the back casing assembly. Later comes the wiring section turnover rate which is only 10% and lower than the other parts. The average skilled workers in the company are well trained on the job, but are not receiving feedback regarding their performance at work. According to the figure provided in the case study, 1. 2% of the products are rejected as a result of loose components and 0. 5% in the final stages of the inspection. It is likelihood that the cut down on the number of workers or the supervisors frustrates the other coworkers, resulting in the rework, thus, causing high staff turnover. The cause and effect diagram below outlines some of the root causes of the problematic situation in the case study (Figure 3. 2). Figure 3. – Workers Problem Cause amp; Effect Diagram 4. 8. Complains and Warranty Claims Complaints arise when customers or consumers are not satisfied with the current product of the company. When the company warranties its product and delivers to the customer, it assures the products in the cases of any problems occurs by manufacturing defects during a specific period. In the current case, according to the tables 3. 3, the most complaints coming from the customers occur in September. The most complaints included crashing robots to furniture, wrong responding, burnt electric motor and intermittent power loss failure is high. No of Complaints amp; Warranty| Cumulative Total| % of Overall Warranty claims | % of Cumulative| 1| Broken control buttons | 20| 20| 0. 81| 0. 82| 2| Scratched Products| 20| 40| 0. 81| 1. 62| 3| Inability to Climb Stairs | 21| 61| 0. 85| 2. 49| 4| Robots Falling Over| 33| 94| 1. 33| 3. 82| 5| Rust on the Products| 55| 149| 2. 22| 6. 04| 6| Inability to Speech| 76| 225| 3. 07| 9. 11| 7| Inability to Hear| 78| 303| 3. 15| 12. 26| 8| Inability to Lift Prescribed Weight of 200 kg| 99| 402| 4. 00| 16. 26| 9| Being Noisy During Movements| 144| 546| 5. 82| 22. 08| 10| Joints Being Seizing Up| 148| 694| 5. 98| 28. 6| 11| Continuous Power Loss | 185| 879| 7. 48| 35. 54| 12| Incorrect Responding to Commands| 244| 1123| 9. 87| 45. 41| 13| Burnt Electric Motors| 267| 1390| 10. 80| 56. 21| 14| Product Crashing to Furniture | 305| 1695| 12. 33| 68. 54| 15| Not Responding to Commands| 573| 2268| 23. 17| 91. 71| 16| Others| 205| 2473| 8. 29| 100| | TOTAL| 2473| | | | Table 3. 2 – Complaints and Warranty Claims Figure 3. 2 – Pareto Diagram for Warrant Claims 4. 9. Quality Cost amp; Productivity Effort The figure below (Figure 3. 4) outlines the distribution of cost of quality in different functional areas of the company. Looking at the cost distribution it can be clearly seen that the appraisal and inspection have the highest quality cost and failure prevention cost is the lowest among the other organizational costs. Figure 4. 3 – Quality Cost 4. 10. 3. Productivity Effort The rate of capital employed in the organization has been flagging which is conveyed through Pounds per each employee. The company productivity is communicated through output of the factory per direct workers. According to the case study, the productivity of the company decreased as least in a certain period of the year and production. Thus, the cause and effect diagram is drawn to outline the reasons of this low productivity (Figure 3. 2. 1). Year| Output Per Person (Units Per Annum) | Capital Employed (Per Person)| 2016| 15. 3| ? 47,000| 2017| 10. 1| ? 32,000| 2018| 10. 4| ? 34,000| 2019| 9. 7| ? 31,000| 2020| 8. 8| ? 30,000| Table 3. 2. 1 – Productivity Distribution per Annum Figure 3. 2. 1 – Productivity Cause amp; Effect Diagram 4. Solution Suggestion amp; Problem Solving 5. 10. Quality Management There are many methodologies suggested to improve the overall quality of the organization. One of the most popular problem solving methods used by many companies is PDSA cycle (Plan, Do, Study, and Act) (Figure 4). According to this model the problematic situation is defined and most suitable solutions are identified, the most effective solution is selected and implemented, and the new procedure is monitored and controlled to find out whether the implemented solution has improved the problematic situation. If the implemented solution is working, then it needs to be standardized so that positive control over the quality can be achieved. Figure 4 – PDSA Cycle . 11. 4. Quality Planning amp; Assurance Quality planning can assist the organization to schedule the critical tasks that have major impact on the final outcome of the company and on the production of satisfactory product and services for the customers. On the other hand, considering quality assurance assist the management to collect necessary data to measure the quality of the supplied raw materials, production procedure, and assembly of the product. The ultimate objective of quality assurance is to increase productivity by focusing on defect prevention. JEEVES PLC needs to consider the implementation of such methodology throughout the whole organizational processes so that it can achieve the kind of product quality that the costumers are expecting. 5. 11. Production Process Solutions 5. 12. 5. Precision Jointing The most rejection rate in the factory is on the beginning of every week. As it was reported in jointing mechanism table, every Monday the rejection rate increases. This could be due to the fact that the machines take time to start up on the beginning of the week after one day being shut down. This problem can be solved by adding one more shift on Sundays and keeping the machinery running during the holidays. This can be workable by having 2 shifts with 12 hours shift working on weekend, 8 hours per shift working from Monday to Friday and 24X7 shift working structure. This will also increase the productivity of the company, as the company has longer working hours. 5. 12. 6. Adhesive Applicators As it was explained in the production line part previously, the applicators have quite low or average skills. Moreover, they do not receive ongoing feedback and management support regarding their outcome and performance. This problem can be solved by implementing on the job or off the job training initiatives, or hiring high skilled workers. Further, the management needs to decrease the pressure on the workers on achieving daily outcome but insist on the accuracy of the final products. Providing continuous feedback and ongoing monitoring on the workers in this section will help the organization to not only improve the overall productivity of the factory, but it increases the employee motivation. 5. 12. 7. Component Assembly and Sub Assembly Most of the rejections in the component assembly section are due to misalignment or poor connection works done by the semi or low skilled workers. The rejection rate can be reduced by replacing these low skilled workers with trained or high skilled ones. The major reason for staff turnover in sub assembly section, as it was explain previously, is due to have too many high skilled and professionals who are not able to use their skills in the fullest extent and thus are de-motivated. Moreover, most of the tasks in this section are done by machines and not manually. The best solution in this situation would be reducing the number of workers especially high skilled ones and move them to an areas that their competences can match with the job characteristics so that they can be more motivated and stay with the company. 5. 12. Complaints and Warranty Claims Most of the defected products returned to the company and the warranty department is due to the robot crashing to the furniture, responding incorrectly to the commands, power loss, and electric motors break down. Inaccurate inspection when installing the audio recognition system or gyroscope system is the main cause of such crashes and defects. This problem can be solved by increasing the inspection percentage from current 5% random inspection to at least 10%. This will help the company to avoid defects and decrease the customer complaints in the future. 5. 13. Employee Problems The employee’s main problem is staff turnover and absenteeism as well as reworks occurring due to problematic assembly procedure. To reduce the absenteeism the company can undertake initiatives such as providing transportation because of long and high number of working hours, providing more interesting work-life balance for them and motivate them through performance based increments and pay. In adhesive section, the workers facing difficulties due to their tasks becoming more difficult and complicated by misaligned, poor joints and rework. The best solution for this could be proposing another inspection phase in the jointing section to monitor and control the workers performance more closely, providing more on the job training for the employees and implement effective and ongoing feedback system in this section. 5. Conclusion and Recommendation In conclusion, it needs to be mention that organizations require to have effective quality design in order to achieve desired outcome. Throughout the above write up it was tried to identify the root causes of the problems occurred during the organizational processes and procedures at GEEVES PLC and find suitable solutions to overcome the specific problematic sutionsions. The propose quality method mentioned at the beginning of solution finding helps the organization, the schedule, the necessary tasks to further improved the product quality as well as quality assurance and defect prevention. Implementation of such methodologies helps the organization to produce and deliver high quality and satisfactory product and services to its respected consumers. Looking at the organizational chart it was recommended that the company needs to higher quality control managers to improve the overall organizational performance and quality of the products. Furthermore, the company needs to change the minimum inspection random from 5% to 10%, ideally, so that the failure identification process becomes more effective. In terms of quality cost, the company can reduce the overall organizational costs by implementing relative training initiatives. This is due to the fact that high quality product cannot be obtained without effective training and elevating the employees knowledge, skills and attitudes. Employee turnover within the company can be addressed by providing specific training sections as well as motivating workers by allocating motivaitive increments and salaries. References Anon. (2012). Fgadgets. [Online]. Available from: http://fgadgest. om/wp-content/up/uploads/2010/12france robot-romeo-01. jpg. [Accessed 6th September 2012]. Anon. (2012). Technology. [Online]. Available from: http://www. a l technology. com/images/qualityassurance. JPG. [Accessed 12th September 2012]. Beton, C. et al,. (1998). Quality Management: Guidelines. 2nd Edition. Thomas Telford. United State of America. Capezio, P. (1993). â€Å"Measurement†. Career Press. United State of America. Creech, B. (1994). The F ive Pillars of TQM: How to Make Total Quality Management Work for you. New York, Truman Talley Books, E. P. Dutton. United State of America. Grout, J. (1997). â€Å"Mistake-production†. Production amp; Inventory Management Journal. 38 (3), pp. 33. Hamzah A. amp; Ho, S. (1994). â€Å"TQM Training for Small and Medium Industries in Malaysia†. Training for Quality. 2(2), pp. 27-35. Howard, S amp; Gitlow, R. O. (2004). Quality Mnagement. 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill/Irwan. United State of America. Ishikawa, K. (1985). What is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way. Prentice Hall. United State of America. Mangion, J. (2008). Quality Assurance and Quality. Quality Management IEEE. pp. 6-8.

Nature Versus Nurture Essay Example

Nature Versus Nurture Essay In The Tempest, written by William Shakespeare, there are many themes that are developed throughout the play. So a few of the themes that Shakespeare develops in The Tempest are nature versus nurture, prejudice and its effects, and power of the artist. Shakespeares theme of nature versus nurture asks what the determining factors in someones development are. The two most determining factors in someones development are the persons parents and his goals, which can be shown in The Tempest.So the persons parents can be considered the most important factor that helps to decide the way a person develops. For instance, in The Tempest when Miranda talks with Caliban and says, I pitied thee,/ Took pains to make thee speak, taught thee each hour/ One thing or other.(I.ii.333-335), showing that Miranda taught Caliban to speak. Therefore Mirandas own kindness teaches Caliban how to speak. But since Prospero raised Miranda, the kindness in her personality and her knowledge of a language must have come from the way he raised her. Consequently, Prosperos nurture allowed Miranda to be nice to Caliban, and Mirandas nature had to do with her act of kindness. Another time in The Tempest where parents are a determining factor in a characters development is when Prospero raised Miranda and helped to raise Caliban. So since Miranda and Caliban were both raised by Prospero they should be similar. But Miranda and Caliban are different because Miranda is a good person and Caliban is a bad person. So Miranda and Calibans good and bad temperaments show nature as the main effect onPemberton 2a persons development. Another example in The Tempest where nature is exemplified is when Prospero loses his throne to his brother, Antonio. Prospero losing his throne to Antonio is mentioned in The Tempest when Antonio and Sebastian, Alonsos brother, are talking about overthrowing Alonso and Sebastian says to Antonio, You did supplant your brother Prospero.(II.i.lns.264). Therefore a persons nature ca n affect a persons development because even though Prospero and Antonio are brothers and have the same parents, so they were raised similarly, Antonio decided to overthrow Prospero as duke of Milan and become the duke himself. So parents can be an important influence in a persons development, but even with a parents nurture a person can still act differently because of their nature.So after parents, the next most important factor in a persons development must be the persons goals. For example, in The Tempest Sebastian and Antonio want to kill Alonso so that they can rule as kings, shown when they plot to kill Alonso and Sebastian says, As thou gotst Milan,/ Ill come by Naples.(II.i.285-286). Therefore Sebastian and Antonios nature make it so they will kill someone in order to achieve their goal. Sebastian and Antonio are both nobles so they would have been taught to be civil and it would not be considered civil to kill someone, so Sebastian and Antonios nature are going against thei r nurture. Another example can be found in The Tempest when Stephano and Trinculo talk with Caliban about the island, then Stephano and Trinculo decide that they want to kill Prospero and rule the island. Trying to achieve their goal, Stephano and Trinculo act just like Antonio and Sebastian do when they try to kill Alonso. Therefore Stephano and Trinculo show nature being more influential in theirPemberton 3development than nurture. One more example of a goal affecting development can be found with Prosperos goal of revenge against the people that took his dukedom from him. Trying to achieve his goal, Prospero shows nurture as the determining factor in a persons development. Thus Prospero is different from Antonio, Sebastian, Stephano, and Trinculo because he uses his knowledge of magic to achieve his goal and knowledge can only be obtained from someone elses nurture, through teaching, or through a persons own nurture. So when someone, such as Prospero, sets a goal for himself it c an change his development. Goals can change the development because in order for the person to accomplish the goal, they would have to act a certain way or do certain things. Another way a goal can change a persons development could be if he accomplishes the goal then he will get something he wants. Therefore, there will be a positive affect on his development. One way a goal can change a persons development could be if the person fails, then he might want to work harder to achieve the next goal he sets for himself. Conversely, he can have a feeling of failure, which would have a negative effect on the persons development. So goals are the nature part of a person because it is a persons nature to want things and try to achieve them. So goals are an essential part of a persons development that is not nurture.Nature versus nurture is an important theme that Shakespeare develops in The Tempest. In The Tempest, Shakespeare creates many instances with Antonio, Prospero, and Caliban, whic h develop the theme of nature versus nurture. As can be seen in The Tempest, nurture from parents and ones own goals has the same effect as nature in a .

How to Ask for Directions in Italian

How to Ask for Directions in Italian Michelangelos Sistine Chapel is around the corner. Or so you thought the sign said until you ended up lost and without any idea how to get where you wanted to be. Avoid missing the highlights of Italy with these simple phrases and keywords for asking for directions in Italian. Vocabulary Let’s start with some must know vocabulary words. Some of the most common words you’ll encounter are: Andare - To goCamminare - To walkGirare - To turnFermare - To stopDiritto (dritto) - StraightA destra - RightA sinistra - LeftNord - NorthSud - SouthOvest - WestEst - EastVicino - CloseLontano - Far When giving directions in Italian, the Imperative mood is used. For the most common verbs listed above, the Imperative mood  is as follows: Andare – (tu) VAI/va’, (lui, lei, Lei) vada, (voi) andateCamminare – (tu) cammina, (lui, lei, Lei) cammini, (voi) camminateGirare – (tu) gira, (lui, lei, Lei) giri, (voi) girateFermare – (tu) ferma, (lui, lei, Lei) fermi, (voi) fermate Besides this keyword vocabulary, it is also important to know how to describe where something can be found. In English these types of directions would translate to, â€Å"The bar is around the corner† or â€Å"It is in front of the market.† Phrases In Italian instead, you want to use these descriptive directional phrases: Vicino a - Close to / near / nearbyDietro a - BehindAll’angolo con - At the corner ofDavanti a (di fronte a) - In front of / across fromAll’incrocio con - At the intersection ofAccanto a - Next to Additionally, the following sentences are worth memorizing and will ensure you get the right directions every time. Mi sono perso/a, Lei puà ² aiutarmi? - I am lost, can you help me?Cerco†¦ - I am looking for†¦   Ã‚     - Il teatro - The theater   Ã‚     - La stazione - The train station   Ã‚     - Il supermercato - The supermarket   Ã‚     - Un ristorante - A restaraunt   Ã‚     - Un bagno - A bathroom   Ã‚     - L’aeroporto - The airport Quantà ¨ lontano a...? - How far is it to...Dove sono i gabinetti? - Where is the bathroom? (polite way to ask in a public place)Dovà ¨ il bagno? - Where is the bathroom?Posso usare il bagno, per favore? - Can I use the bathroom, please?Me lo puà ² indicare sulla mappa/cartina, per favore? - Can you show me on the map, please? Typical responses to requests for directions include: A destra - RightA sinistra - LeftVicino - NearLontano - FarGira a - Turn toIl primo/la prima a destra - First on the rightIl secondo/la seconda a sinistra - Second on the left Some more handy tips: Often times, when asked where something is, Italians will answer â€Å"Vada sempre diritto!†   It means Straight ahead!One kilometer (or un chilometro in Italian) 0.62 miles.If you cant find what youre looking for, enjoy what youve found. Sometimes when traveling, the best experiences happen serendipitously.

Développer - to Develop - French Verb Conjugations

Dà ©velopper - to Develop - French Verb Conjugations The  French verb  dà ©velopper  means to develop. Find conjugations for dà ©velopper  in the tables below. Conjugations of  Dà ©velopper Present Future Imperfect Present participle je dveloppe dvelopperai dveloppais dveloppant tu dveloppes dvelopperas dveloppais il dveloppe dveloppera dveloppait nous dveloppons dvelopperons dveloppions vous dveloppez dvelopperez dveloppiez ils dveloppent dvelopperont dveloppaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle dvelopp Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je dveloppe dvelopperais dveloppai dveloppasse tu dveloppes dvelopperais dveloppas dveloppasses il dveloppe dvelopperait dveloppa dveloppt nous dveloppions dvelopperions dveloppmes dveloppassions vous dveloppiez dvelopperiez dvelopptes dveloppassiez ils dveloppent dvelopperaient dvelopprent dveloppassent Imperative tu dveloppe nous dveloppons vous dveloppez Verb conjugation patternDà ©velopper  is a  regular -ER verb

Week 4 research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Week 4 research paper - Essay Example Studies also found out that learning support system in companies is weakened and experts suggest that it should be enhanced to cater the new skills required by the emerging jobs offered. Also jobs are impossible to be gone as resignation and employees get redundant in firms. Probably the job mismatch is the problem that makes other people unemployed while the firms continue to look for replacements to fill-in the vacancies for months. As a solution, other companies tap the Internet and computer to outsource their works despite of geographical limitations as it offers cost-effective ways on doing the tasks for both the employers and workers. Employment has always been the common way for people to earn income to sustain the needs of their own and their families. They work in exchange for money and other forms of remuneration wherein the rate of salary is on a per-hour basis. It started in the Industrial Age where the factories were very popular and the prevailing trend was equal pay for equal work. In the economy of today, the same trend seems to be declining and problems arise. As globalization started and continue to progress from the late twentieth towards the twenty-first century, various changes occurred in the way people work and conduct businesses. Various perspectives have been used to study, identify and analyze the situations to come into terms on how to deal with the arising problems. It is about management, but it seems to be many things must be managed and it is not only about control. Perhaps the past principles in management and leadership may still be applied for the present conditions, but new theories, perspectives and improvements must be done to further understand and cope up with the fast pacing of the world today. People are caught in the confusion as knowledge and skills advance so quickly that the

Critical evaluation of about 4 pages on the Accenture article on the Essay - 1

Critical evaluation of about 4 pages on the Accenture article on the Innovation Death Spiral - Essay Example According to the CEO of Apple Inc Tim Cook, innovation may create new market share and new customers for the organization. In order to fulfil such views, the organization created a new invention named Apple i-pad. This proved extremely effective for the organization in the age of recession in order to amplify its profit margin and productivity. However, after a very small period of time, the organizational performance started declining significantly thereby reducing its image and reliability in the market among other rival players as presented by the below figure. Therefore, as per Mr. Tim Cook, the organization of Apple Inc became trapped in the process of ‘Innovation death spiral’. According to this process, the organization develops new products with the desire that it might present high results but yields up with disappointing results. However, in order to balance such a phenomenon, Tim Cook, implemented balancing innovation strategy in order to rectify such trouble, as innovation is considered as an engine. In order to retain the portfolio and reputation of the organization, Tim Cook decided to offer higher concentration over the field of research and development. Only then, the organization might analyse and evaluate the demands and preferences of the customers in an effective way (Innovation management, 2011). So that, after developing and launching the products, it might offer high-ended results to the organization of Apple Inc that might amplify its net income and market share. In order to do so, the CEO, Tim Cook developed varied types of products such as I-pad mini, iphone 5, iMac and many others. By inventing a series of above mentioned products, the total sales of the organization of Apple Inc increased by almost 50 percent in the period of recession as well as compared to other rival players such as Microsoft (Mysticdots, 2012). Apart from this, in order to save the organization from falling in the

The organizational structure of an Alzheimer’s nursing home Essay Example for Free

The organizational structure of an Alzheimer’s nursing home Essay INTRODUCTION   Pathophysiology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alzheimer’s disease (AD), also known as dementia, is a chronic, progressive, degenerative disease that accounts for 60% of the dementias occurring in people older than 65 years of age. It may also be seen less commonly in people in their 40s and 50s, which is referred to as early dementia, Alzheimer’s type, or presenile dementia. It is characterized by loss of memory, judgment, and visuospatial perception and by a change in personality. Over time, the client becomes increasingly cognitive impaired; severe deterioration takes place and death occurs as a result of complication and immobility. Administration and organizational structure   Imagine being in a large room with 40 or so people who are wandering, talking to themselves or talking gibberish, yelling, crying, staring into space or sleeping. Some are looking for their parents; some ask how to get home; one person, who appears to be lost, is repeatedly hollering keeps trying to stand up and sets off a chair alarm. The television is on. Nursing staff is in and out of the dayroom, to ensure that everyone is safe, telling residents to sit down, and calm down taking some to the bathroom or comfort room, passing medication or just observing. An activities aide is trying to hold the attention of a few residents who can cut and paste decorations for the unit. Other residents are sitting at tables with unopened magazines in front of them. This is a typical dementia unit. Coping with restlessness and wandering.   The Alzheimer’s disease Association estimates that almost two thirds of clients will wander and become temporarily lost in the community.   The client should always wear an identification badge or bracelet when at home. The badge should include how to contact the primary caregiver.   In an inpatient setting, the client is checked frequently and placed in a room that can be monitored easily.   The room may need to be close to the nurses’ station ( if the noise level in the nurses’ station can be managed ) and away from exits and stairs.   Some health care agencies place large stop signs or red tape on the floor in front of exits.   Others have installed alarms systems to indicate when a client is opening the door. The Federal Nursing Home Reform Law (OBRA 87)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Federal Nursing Home Reform Law of 1987 (OBRA 87) requires that each nursing home â€Å"care for its residents in such a manner and in such an environment as will promote maintenance or enhancement of the quality of life of each resident.† This requirement emphasizes dignity, choice, and self-determination for residents. Every nursing home is also required by law to â€Å"provide services and activities to attain or maintain the highest practicable physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being of each resident in accordance with a written plan of care which†¦is initially prepared, with participation to the extent practicable, of the resident, the resident’s family, or legal representative.† This means that a resident should not decline in health or well-being as a result of the way a nursing home provides care. At its heart, culture change is about changing the culture of nursing homes so that they fully reflect these requirements. The culture change movement aims to de-institutionalize the environment of nursing homes.   It involves the transformation of nursing homes from the traditional model to a more resident-centered model. Culture change nursing home structure look like. Care is truly resident-centered: tailored to each resident to meet his/her needs as an individual, based on the individuals needs and preferences; Care is delivered by caregivers who have a meaningful and valued role in the residence; The environment is truly home-like, with residents having privacy of their own room and bathroom and the functioning of the nursing home such as nurse stations, resident lounges and dining rooms being small in scale and close in proximity to the residents room; Residents truly participate in life at the nursing home, making decisions for themselves regarding dressing, dining, bathing and partaking in activities, taking part in the functioning of the nursing home to the extent they wish to be involved, etc Conclusion:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the client can no longer be cared for at home, referral to an assisted-living or long-term care facility may be needed. Early in the course of the disease, advise the family that placement might be needed in the late stage of the disease. This allows the family to begin the search process for an appropriate facility before a crisis develops and immediate placement is needed. A number of facilities specialize in the care of the clients with AD and other dementias. These units generally have a high staff- to-client ratio and architecturally design to meet the special needs and attention of this type of client. Reference: Cummings, J.L., (2002). Guidelines for managing Alzheimer’s disease, American Family Physician Nussbaum, R.L., (2003). Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine Rowe, M.A (2003). People with dementia who became lost, American Journal of Nursing http://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk1/1992/9234/923407.PDF

Atomism: Democritus And Epicurus Essay -- essays research papers

Atomism: Democritus and Epicurus In the Atomists, we see pluralism taken as far as it could possibly go. We see Democritus and Epicurus divide all the world, as well as the universe, into two categories; atoms and empty space. Everything else is merely thought to exist. The atoms are eternal, infinite in size and number and they are moving through the empty space. There is no motion without empty space. Both Democritus and Epicurus agreed that motion was impossible in a plenum, but it is here that their theories diverge. In the cause of the motion, we begin to see a variety of opinions. Both Democritus and Epicurus agreed that the â€Å"qualitative world of sense perception arises from the motion of qualitatively neutral atoms. They believe that the immense qualitative variety results from the ‘jostling' of atoms...as they collide and bounce apart, and so, constantly form new groupings† (Jones 84). They believe it to be a mechanical process occurring completely by chance. Furthermore, although new groupings are constantly being formed, only the few that can survive are considered the â€Å"right† combinations. These are the combinations we recognize through our senses as being â€Å"real†, although they are not. However, the way in which this complex motion begins is a source of controversy and disagreement amongst the Atomists. Democritus assumes that the atoms' motion is perpetual. The atoms are never at rest. He presumes that their nature is to move, thereby avoiding â€Å"the problem of explaining the origin of the complex motion of atoms by simply affirming that it is in their nature to move so† (Jones 85). He believes that atoms are born along with the whole universe in a vortex. The vortex is not an outside influence, but rather the motion of the atoms themselves. He never accounts for the initiation of this motion. He simply states that it is an inherent quality of the atoms themselves. Epicurus, on the other hand, wanted to find a reasoning behind the initial movement of the atoms; to find the cause of the initial collisions which start the creation process of the universe. Through observation of objects falling â€Å"down† within our limited perceptual space, Epicurus concluded ... ...ualities? Epicurus ambiguously calls these qualities â€Å"accompaniments† yet never explains how they can exist outside of reality and still be considered real. Epicurus changed the doctrine of Democritus in many ways in an attempt to clarify some of the more questionable postulations. Epicurus' theory is not necessarily superior, but certainly progressive. There is room for discourse on a variety of the Atomists' theories. Since they are the first school of thought from which we have so much written record, there is bound to be divergence of opinion. The areas I have discussed relate only the area of physics. Epicurus attempts to resolve some of the dilemmas Democritus leaves unresolved in ethical and psychological dilemmas as well. Of course, lingual and interpretive constraints play a part in all philosophical theory of the classical period. Yet in our "modern" world, we rely heavily on the ideas set forth by these great thinkers. It would be foolish to take one concept as superior over another because the scope of ideas given to us by these thinkers is too great a wealth to judge subjectively.

Shell Oil Company Case Study

Shell Oil Company is a worldwide group of petrochemicals and energy companies and a subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell that was created in 1907. It is a  multinational gas and oil company that has its origins from Anglo-Dutch and their headquarters is in The Hague, Netherlands. Shell is one of the biggest oil and gas companies worldwide and one of the most profitable. 3% of the world’s natural gas and 2.5 of its oil is insured by Shell. The company is employing more than 80.000 people in more than 80 countries around the world and 22.000 of these employees are based in the US where they have approximately 25.000 branded gas stations. According to its revenue in 2010, (285 129 million dollars) Shell is the second largest company in the world.Shell Oil company has a wide range of activities by operating in regions such as America especially and also in the rest of the world. The activities of the company consist in exploring for and extracting crude oil and natural gas most of th e time in collaboration with international and national oil companies. They provide liquefied natural gas to customers all around the world by cooling it and also convert natural gas into liquids in order to provide cleaner burning fuels. The multinational sells daily a quantity of petrol and diesel sufficient to fuel more than 16 million cars and to furnish electricity for 34 million home globally. Shell also converts bitumen, a thick and heavy oil extracted from mined oil sands into synthetic crude oil and develops wind power with the goal of generating electricity.These activities are all part of the company’s Upstream businesses and it has interests in Europe, Asia, Middle East, Russia, Africa and Oceania. Shell also has a Downstream organization that is made up of a large number of businesses. These activities principally consist in turning crude oil into refined products, which are transported and sold worldwide for domestic, industrial, and transport purpose, fuels, bi tumen and lubricants included. Refining, Distribution and Supply are the main activities of their Manufacturing business. Shell trades crude oil, oil products, and petrochemicals first to optimize raw materials for their Manufacturing business and to supply their Marketing business. The company also has a CO2 organization in charge of coordinating the activities of the CO2 management within the company. Shell Trading’s global network includes its activities in every important energy market around the world.MANAGEMENT TEAM OF SHELLPETER VOSER:He joined Shell in 1982 after his graduation in Business Administration from the Applied Science University in Zurich. He is the Chief Executive Officer of Shell since July 2009. He had occupied many positions such as Chief Financial Officer and had also been an Executive Director of Royal Dutch Shell before being CEO and has a lot of years of experience. He has also served in other companies such as the Asea Brown Boveri. He has been CFO of Shell Europe Oil Products as well from 1999 to 2001.SIMON HENRY:He is the Chief Financial Officer of the company and at the same time a member of the board of Royal Dutch Shell. He has joined it in 1982 after his graduation in Mathematics from Cambridge University. He is also very experimented for having held several positions before his appointment as CFO. From 2004 until his appointment he was occupying the position of Executive Vice President Finance for Exploration and Production.2.0 How Shell is affected by its environment The environment in business is considered as the forces that may affect the current or coming activities of an organization. The environment in an organization includes the specific environment also known as task environment and the general environment.2.1 SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT The specific environment or internal environment is the one that can be controlled by the business. Its components that include the customers, the suppliers, the competitors and the pressure group can directly affect the business. 2.1.1 Customers:Customer is the main point of any business. The success of any business depends on the importance given to the customers. The impact customers have on Shell vary according to the area. In some countries where people have low income the increase of the oil price that occur most of the time can be a  major problem. Most of the people can’t continually afford the gas needed for their cars because of its high price. In some countries the quality of the service that leaves to be desired is part of the main complains of Shell customers. These factors resulted in a loss of trust of the customers and had an impact on the company’s image profit.2.1.2 Suppliers:A number of various suppliers are needed in any business enterprise. Suppliers provide raw materials and components to the company. Shell suppliers are also its internal stakeholders and partners in the chain of production. Bringing petrol from the oil we ll to the petrol pump is their main duty. A lack of reliability or efficiency in this task can result in a succession of problems affecting directly the company well-being because suppliers are part of the organization’s internal environment.Shell has always been in good terms with it suppliers, but the company is nevertheless preventive concerning its supply chain. Shell has various core values that are important in the way that the company runs. Its suppliers must adapt to these values for a continuous good partnership because any lack in the supply chain could be defective to the company’s good running.2.1.3 Competitors:For a business competitors are the companies that are in the same industry and deliver same products or services to customers. Shell main competitors include Exxon Mobil, PETRONAS, Chevron and CITGO, Total. These companies represent a danger for Shell because they provide the same services and products and often with substantial discount on their pri ce. In the early 90’s Shell was the most profitable company in Europe but it had been in the process of restructuring.The main reason was that the R.O.C (Return of Capital of the company) was lagging behind Exxon the company’s main competitor. Shell had approximately 117,000 employees in 1993 and it decreased to 106,000 in 1994. The net income of the company also decreased to 36% from 1993 to 1994. All these facts occurred because of competition.2.2 GENERAL ENVIRONMENTThe general environment is also known as nonmarket environment, it is composed of the Economic, socio-cultural, political, demographic,  technologic and sometimes global factors that can affect the business performance. It includes the interactions between the firm and the government or global entities.2.2.1 Political factorsPolitical factors include the legislations of a government businesses are obliged to respect.. Government policies on Shell have a big impact on Shell Oil Company, because the produ ction’s rate in Oil business is affected by these policies. Taxes on petroleum applied in the countries where refineries are built also affect the business. Political instability of countries where Shell has its refinery can also be a factor that affects the business. In Nigeria Shell’s profit were higher than elsewhere, but the political instability that occurred in that country in the past years has really impacted the business and its profit in that particular area.2.2.2 Economic factorsFor a business the economic environment refers to the economic factors that can have an effect on the business well-being. These factors include economic systems, policies, resources, nature of economy and the economic legislation. The high unemployment rate in countries where Shell operates is an unfavorable factor. The Gross National Product Trend and the inflation rate are also factors that affect Shell Oil Company. In the last five years the joint venture of the Shell Oil Company in Nigeria has participated about more than $38million to the economy of the country, tax and royalty included and is receiving annually 95% of the profit from the company’s onshore production in the Niger Delta. This is economically affecting the business in terms of income. The corruption pertaining in Nigeria which is one of the most corrupted countries in Africa has its impacts and is preventing the company to do its business ethically.2.2.3 Socio-Cultural factorsShell is operating in almost all the parts of the world, so the company has to deal with the cultural and societal differences. Society and culture influence all the aspects of an overseas business, the business has to be aware of the opinions, feelings and attitudes in the local environment. In Nigeria most of the young people living in the delta where Shell is operating are uneducated and are living in the misery.In 1999 military  youths hijacked sixty four Shell staff and blocked all access roads. This viol ent culture of Nigerians isn’t a good factor for the company that made of this country one of its more important areas of operation. The military youths spilled the oil near the SPDC; Shell Petroleum Development Company areas. The company has been obliged to pay compensation for spoiling the environment and prevent the crash of local social infrastructure. This is one of the multiple socio-cultural factors faced by the Shell worldwide.2.2.4 Technological factorsA business enterprise in order to have competitive advantage over others has to make action plans on time to adjust with technological advancements. Aware of that Shell has over the years tried to accommodate his services according to the technological advancements. They have introduced the Shell Oil Card for payment at Shell station and this was a great innovation. But since technology isn’t available in all the regions of the world there were some drawbacks with the use of the card, for example it is not accep ted in some countries or worst people don’t have access to it. Shell is providing his services in a lot of African countries and most of the time it is in that part of the world that a consequent technological lack is noticeable.2.2.5 Environmental factorsOil companies like Shell have to take particularly care of the environment because they are using substances that can damage the environment. Shell has been accused in the recent years of pollution by farmers in the Nigerian delta where it has one of its most important operations. Even if the court has acquitted the company in that case, that event made people doubting of the social responsibility of the company.Farmer in the Nigerian Delta .3.0 How Shell adapted to the changes in its environment? 3.1 Adaptation to the changes in the specific environment3.1.1 CustomersFor customer satisfaction, speed of service is an important value that needs to be taken in account by organizations. Technology has made it easy for  busine sses to meet the customer needs in a very quick way which is connectivity. Aware of that Shell has set up the Shell Customer Lounge that is a website which makes easy the business between Shell and its customers. This service according to Peter Voser has brought a lot of satisfactions to Shell’s customers and allowed the company to handle some problems that occurred in recent years due to a lack of promptness and speed by the company. Shell is trying somehow to make the price of their services meet the income of their customers according to the area by trying to make it affordable.3.1.2 CompetitorsRelative to its competitors Shell’s performance was very weak and in order to avoid what happened in the 90’s when the company’s return on capital lagged behind Exxon the former head of the company decided to change the strategies. The company realized that the real purpose of effective planning is to change the way the decision makers think. Shell, in order to gain competitive advantage over its main competitors is implementing a strategy that others can hardly repeat. The company came up in the last years with unique skills in terms of technology and integration, and a worldwide set of opportunities for future investments. According to Peter Voser the CEO of the company, Shell’s efforts to expand its pipeline of possible energy projects are already successful and this can be a real way to get competitive advantage over the company’s competitors.3.1.3 SuppliersFor a business it is of a capital importance to develop long term and quality relationships with those taking part in the business process such as suppliers. Shell forces its suppliers to be in accordance with its business principles and core values for a good relationship and good terms of work. The company has made clear in its code of conducts report that they will stop all activities with any supplier that does not match all these qualifications. This is a way to s hift any potential changes relative to its supply chain.3.2 Adaptation to the changes in the general environment3.2.1 Adaptation to the political factorsTo face the political factors that affect its business Shell has revised its business strategies in hostile and turbulent environment particularly in Nigeria. The company made planning to be able to face any identical scenario that could occur in the future by focusing on medium term planning instead of long term planning. Shell has set up a discussion with workshops for a better interaction with the local communities in Nigeria and also pressurized their workers for radical changes in turbulent environment.3.2.2 Adaptation to the economic factorsTo adapt to the economic problems faced in certain of their operating areas, Shell has set up a lot of strategies particularly in Nigeria. The company is facing a lot of problems in that area due to the difficulty of the economy such as the taxes imposed on their business and the corruption . The head of the company said that they have to keep on making huge profit every year because the taxes and government regulations on the company are unavoidable. Shell identifies its own core values as honesty and respect for people to fight against the corruption which is affecting its activities in Nigeria. Shell communicated its anti-corruption principles by providing training programs and also made its workers aware of the importance of having legal and non-corruptive activities. The company has implemented various policies and initiatives to do its business properly without any kind of corruption, illegal or unethical practices.3.2.3 Adaptation to the socio-cultural and technologic factorsFor a company it is of a capital importance to know how to deal with the social and cultural factors in the area of operations. Shell faced a lot of socio cultural factors that affected its business in the past years. These factors had a negative impact on Shell running but the company aimin g to cover a bigger area to implement its activities is still continuing to adapt itself in hostile and violent environment like Nigeria. Since the world knows a fast technological advance businesses must know how to adapt to these changes. This can help to get a competitive advantage on others. Shell is trying to make its oil card available in regions where there is a technological backwardness such as certain parts of Africa.4.0 CONCLUSION4.1 ObjectivesKnowing that without customers a business can’t run in the long term Shell major objectives is to win and maintain customers by providing to them products and services that offer value in terms of price and quality. The company is also aiming to meet customers want value for money that is to provide the highest quality of services at competitive prices. Shell’s people knowing that this can give a quick stop to the achievement of the company’s goals are trying to find solutions to allow the use of the card everyw here in the world. Shell has various core values that are important in the way that the company runs. Its suppliers must adapt to these values for a continuous good partnership because any lack in the supply chain could be defective to the company’s good running. Shell’s main objectives are to extract and deliver oil profitably by respecting the social and environmental norms. The company is looking forward to get a bigger standard of performance and maintain their position in terms of competition in the areas they operate.4.2 RecommendationsThe company should work closer with its customers its partners and its policymakers to proceed to more sustainable use of energy. In Nigeria Shell should go further in their strategies to fight the bad impact the political and economic factors have on the company because the general environment is as important as the specific and all these factors can be really harmful to the good running of the company. Shell Group must engage res ponsibly and profitably in oil and other businesses of their choices, participate in the research of other sources of energy to keep on satisfying customer needs.

Self in Interpersonal Communication

THE SELF IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SELF Definition of one's identity, character, abilities, and attitudes, especially in relation to persons or things outside oneself or itself. There are three fundamental aspects that make up the self: 1. Self-concept: Your self-concept is the way that you view yourself. 2. Self-awareness: Your self-awareness is your knowledge about yourself, including your insight. 3. Self-esteem: Your self-esteem is how much value you place on yourself. SELF CONCEPT The term self-concept is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about or perceives themselves.The self concept is how we think about and evaluate ourselves. To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself. Baumeister (1999) provides the following self concept definition: â€Å"The individual's belief about himself or herself, including the person's attributes and who and what the self is†. SELF-CONCEPT means your own view of yourself and it can include: * How you see your self * Your thoughts about yourself * Your beliefs about yourself * How you feel about yourself SOURCES: 1. Others' images: If you want to find out how you look to other people, then you would at how other people treat you.According to DeVito (2009), we look to people who are important to us to see how they treat us. He states, â€Å"If these important others think highly of you, you will see this positive image of yourself reflected in their behaviors; if they think little of you, you'll see a more negative image† 2. Your interpretations and evaluations: Naturally, we evaluate and interpret our own behaviors. If we look back at a certain communication event and find that the behavior we used goes against our beliefs, we will feel guilty. Let's say you are out with friends. Your friend asks you for your honest opinion.If you tell them a lie, you might later feel guilty because you value yourself as an honest person. 3. Cultural teachings: Our culture teaches us how to think, believe, and act and much more. So how you define yourself is developed from your culture. In addition to your interpretations and evaluations, if you go against your cultural teachings, you may feel a sense of guilt or failure. For example, it is common to be married at a young age in the state of Utah. This is a cultural belief and attitude. If you were to be married after 30 years old, it might be seen as against the cultural teaching to this area. . Social comparisons: For example, if you want to find out if you  are seen as a positive person, you could ask your friends if they think you act like a positive person. When we reach out to others to find out how we look, we usually go to those people that we find close to us and important; This would include people like family members or close friends. We do this because we know we are more likely to get an honest answer from these people. The three sources of self-concept are: * Social information and interactions:- The positive and negative messages we receive from others that shape our beliefs. social comparisons:- How we think we measure up to other people; * self-observation:- Being able to monitor our thoughts which affect our behavior and our own interpretations and evaluations. Self Esteem and Self Worth (The extent to which you value yourself) Refers to the extent to which we like accept or approve of ourselves or how much we value ourselves. Self esteem always involves a degree of evaluation and we may have either a positive or a negative view of ourselves. HIGH SELF ESTEEM i. e. we have a positive view of ourselves. This tends to lead to * Confidence in our own abilities Self acceptance * Not worrying about what others think * Optimism LOW SELF ESTEEM i. e. we have a negative view of ourselves. This tends to lead to * Lack of confidence * Want to be/look like someone else * Always worrying what others might think * Pessimism FACTORS: There are 4 major factors that influence self esteem. 1) THE REA CTION OF OTHERS. If people admire us, flatter us, seek out our company, listen attentively and agree with us we tend to develop a positive self-image. If they avoid us, neglect us; tell us things about ourselves that we don’t want to hear we develop a negative self-image. ) COMPARISON WITH OTHERS. If the people we compare ourselves with (our reference group) appear to be more successful, happier, richer, better looking than ourselves we tend to develop a negative self image BUT if they are less successful than us our image will be positive. 3) SOCIAL ROLES. Some social roles carry prestige e. g. doctor, airline pilot, TV. Presenter, premiership footballer and this promotes self-esteem. Other roles carry stigma. E. g. prisoners, mental hospital patient or unemployed person. 4) IDENTIFICATION. Roles aren’t just â€Å"out there. † They also become part of our personality i. . we identity with the positions we occupy, the roles we play and the groups we belong to. S ELF AWARENESS Self Awareness is having a clear perception of your personality, including strengths, weaknesses, thoughts, beliefs, motivation, and emotions. Self Awareness allows you to understand other people, how they perceive you, your attitude and your responses to them in the moment. The Johari Window The Johari window is a technique created by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham in 1955 in the United States, used to help people better understands their relationship with self and others. –  Johari region 1 is also known as the ‘area of free activity. This is the information about the person – behavior, attitude, feelings, emotion, knowledge, experience, skills, views, etc – known by the person (‘the self') and known by the group (‘others'). You are open about your thoughts and feelings;  you are aware of your behaviors and  have an understanding of your skills can capabilities. Others that you are interacting with are aligned and under stand your thoughts and feelings that you are  communicating, either verbally or non-verbally.They also have visibility and awareness around your skills and capabilities or other knowledge or information. 2-Johari region 2 is what is known about a person by others in the group, but is unknown by the person him/herself. The Blind Spot is the area that is known to others but not to you. There may be behaviors that you are exhibiting or things that you are communicating that are affecting others in a particular way. You may be unaware or perceive yourself as not having the ability to perform in a certain situation.However, those that you are interacting with can see exactly how you feel or know from your behavior  or prior experience  that you do have skills and abilities to  perform in a particular situation. 3- Johari region 3 is what is known to us but kept hidden from, and therefore unknown, to others. This hidden or avoided self represents information, feelings, etc, anyth ing that a person knows about him/self, but which is not revealed or is kept hidden from others. The hidden area could also include sensitivities, fears, hidden agendas, manipulative intentions, and secrets – anything that a person knows but does not reveal, for whatever reason.It's natural for very personal and private information and feelings to remain hidden, indeed, certain information, feelings and experiences have no bearing on work, and so can and should remain hidden. There may be some things that you know or are thinking in your head, or you may feel a particular way, however you decide to conceal this information and not share it with others. You may know that you have certain skills or abilities, but choose to not show this to others. Those around you do not know what you are experiencing in terms of thoughts and feelings, and may not know or your capabilities.It is hidden from them 4- Johari region 4 contains information, feelings, latent abilities, aptitudes, exp eriences etc, that are unknown to the person him/herself and unknown to others in the group. These unknown issues take a variety of forms: they can be feelings, behaviors, attitudes, capabilities, aptitudes, which can be quite close to the surface, and which can be positive and useful, or they can be deeper aspects of a person's personality, influencing his/her behavior to various degrees.Large unknown areas would typically be expected in younger people, and people who lack experience or self-belief. The Unknown is the area that is blind to both yourself and to those around you. There may be things about yourself that you do not know, such as your own skills and abilities, even your own thoughts and feelings. Others around you might also have no visibility or knowledge of these. Using the Johari Window for Self-Awareness If you are living with purpose and striving to reach your goals, where do you want to be in the Johari Window?You will want to be playing within the OPEN SELF! The more open and honest you are in your thoughts and feelings, your communications and your behaviors, the more that those around you will have a clear understanding around what it is that you value, what you are trying to achieve and therefore will actually have the ability to help you reach where it is that you want to go. When you’re playing in the Arena, you are completely aware of your skills and abilities and you will become more effective and productive as your interactions and communications with those around you.The Arena is the playing field where trust and relationships are established and cooperation is at its highest. Let’s move to the HIDDEN SELF. This is where you are potentially hiding or concealing thoughts or feelings or any other information that  is unknown to others. Now, there’s nothing wrong with concealing information and holding private thoughts and feelings to you. However, for someone to be able to help you in a certain situation, they will need to know where you currently stand and what your thoughts, feelings or knowledge is  on the subject.The more you can be open and honest and reveal certain things about yourself, the more those others will be able to gain an insight into who you are and how you operate. By doing this, you will build trust, enhance your relationships and when it comes to pursuing your goals, those around you will be able to start helping you get there! The more you can reveal about yourself, the more you will expand yourself into the Arena and start enhancing your relationships, communicate more effectively and perform at higher levels.Similarly when it comes to skill sets and capability, the more you can openly share and reveal around these, the more that others will have an awareness of where they can help you through coaching, mentoring, teaching or providing support or guidance. Now onto the Blind Spot. This is the fun area! This is the area that you really need to minimize to ensure yo u are self-aware around your behaviors and impact on others, and to ensure you can perform at your highest ability. What don’t you know about yourself? Aren’t you curious to find out? How do you find out something about yourself when you don’t know what you need to find out?Feedback! Ask for feedback. Don’t be afraid to request feedback from others whenever or whoever that may be. There may be things that you are doing that you do not know that you are doing! This is not a productive space to be in. Feedback is essential for building your self-awareness and can help you learn and discover how to communicate or perform in a more effective and productive way. When it comes to skill and ability, asking for feedback is essential for learning and development and helping you make your way into the Arena where you can be more effective at pursuing your goals.The Unknown area is the area you want to try stay out of. People with low self-belief or that are inexper ienced may fall into this quadrant. You may not know what your skills and capabilities are, and others may not have had any opportunity to witness any of these. Self-limiting beliefs or feelings or attitudes that hold  you back can prevent  you from discovering certain things about yourself. Perhaps it’s a fear of entering into the unknown. On many occasions, and individual that spends time in this area may need to break out of their comfort zone to start entering one of the other quadrants.Trying new experiences and testing your limits can help you discover more about yourself and your skills and abilities. Working closely and building relationships with others may help them identify certain traits that they can point out for you. Similar to the blind spot, seeking feedback can help you identify certain traits and build your self-awareness. In addition to using the Johari Window, there are five other ways in which we can increase our self-awareness. 1. Ask yourself about yourself. 2. Listen to others. 3. Actively seek information about yourself. 4. See your different selves. . Increase your open self. SELF DISCLOSURE Self-disclosure is both the conscious and subconscious act of revealing more about oneself to others. This may include, but is not limited to, thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, dreams as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favourites. Factors Influencing Self-Disclosure Many factors influence whether or not you disclose, what you disclose, and to whom you disclose. Among the most important factors are who you are, your culture, your gender, who your listeners are, and your topic and channel.Who You Are Highly sociable and extroverted people self-disclose more than those who are less sociable and more introverted. People who are comfortable communicating also self-disclose more than those who are apprehensive about talking in general. Competent people engage in self-disclosure more than less competent pe ople. Perhaps competent people have greater self-confidence and more positive things to reveal. Similarly, their self-confidence may make them more willing to risk possible negative reactions.Your Culture Different cultures view self-disclosure differently. Some cultures  view disclosing inner feelings as a weakness. Among some groups, for example, it would be considered â€Å"out of place† for a man to cry at a happy occasion such as a wedding, whereas in some Latin cultures that same display of emotion would go unnoticed. Similarly, it’s considered undesirable in Japan for workplace colleagues to reveal personal information, whereas in much of the United States it’s expected. Important similarities also exist across cultures.For example, people from Great Britain, Germany, the United States, and Puerto Rico are all more apt to disclose personal information—hobbies, interests, attitudes, and opinions on politics and religion—than information on finances, sex, personality, or interpersonal relationships. Similarly, one study showed self-disclosure patterns between American males to be virtually identical to those between Korean males. Your Gender The popular stereotype of gender differences in self-disclosure emphasizes males’ reluctance to speak about them.For the most part, research supports this view; women do disclose more than men. Women disclose more than men about their previous romantic relationships, their feelings for close same-sex friends, their greatest fears, and what they don’t like about their partners. Women also increase the depth of their disclosures as a relationship becomes more intimate, whereas men seem not to change their self-disclosure levels. In addition, for women, there are fewer taboo topics. Finally, women self-disclose more to members of their extended families than men. One notable exception occurs in initial encounters.Here, men will disclose more intimate information than wom en, perhaps â€Å"in order to control the relationship’s development†. Still another exception may be found in a study of Americans and Argentineans; here males indicated a significantly greater willingness to self-disclose than females. Your Listeners Self-disclosure occurs more readily in small groups than in large groups. Dyads, or groups of two people, are the most hospitable setting for self-disclosure. With one listener you can monitor your disclosures, continuing if there’s support from your listener and stopping if not.With more than one listener, such monitoring becomes difficult, because the listeners’ responses are sure to vary. Research shows that you disclose most to people you like and to people you trust. You also come to like those to whom you disclose. At times, self-disclosure occurs more in temporary than in permanent relationships—for example, between strangers on a train or plane, in a kind of â€Å"in-flight intimacy†. In this situation two people establish an intimate, self-disclosing relationship during a brief period of travel, but they don’t pursue the connection beyond that point.You are more likely to disclose when the person you are with discloses. This dyadic effect (what one person does, the other person also does) probably leads you to feel more secure and reinforces your own self-disclosing behavior. Disclosures are also more intimate when they’re made in response to the disclosures of others. This dyadic effect, however, is not universal across all cultures. For example, although Americans are likely to follow the dyadic effect and reciprocate with explicit, verbal self-disclosure, Koreans aren’t.As you can appreciate, this easily results in intercultural differences; for example, an American may be insulted if his or her Korean counterpart doesn’t reciprocate with self-disclosures that are similar in depth. Your Topic and Channel You also are more likely to disclose about some topics than others. For example, you’re more likely to self-disclose information about your job or hobbies than about your sex life or financial situation. Further, you’re more likely to disclose favorable rather than unfavorable information. Generally, the more personal and negative the topic, the less likely you are to self-disclose.SELF DISCLOSURE REWARDS: 1. Self-knowledge. One of the benefits of self-disclosure is that we gain new perspectives about themselves and a deeper understanding about our own behavior. In therapy, for example, views into the often arise when the client is doing self-disclosure. Clients may be aware of aspects of behavior or relationships which have not know it. Because, through self-disclosure, we can understand ourselves in depth. 2. Ability to Overcome Difficulties. Another closely related argument is that we will be better able to overcome our problems or difficulties, in particular feelings of guilt, through self-d isclosure.One big fear is present in many people is that they are not environmentally acceptable because of a certain secret, because of something they once did, or because of certain feelings or attitudes they have. Because we believe that these things are the basis of rejection (rejection), we build a sense of guilt. By expressing such feelings and receive support, not rejection, we become better prepared to cope with feelings of guilt and perhaps reduce or even eliminate them altogether. 3. Even self-acceptance (self-acceptance) becomes difficult without self-disclosure.We accept ourselves largely through the eyes of others. If we feel other people reject us, we tend to deny ourselves as well. Through self-disclosure and supports that come, we put ourselves in a better position to capture the positive response to us, and we will be more likely to react by developing a positive self-concept. 4. Efficiency of Communication. Disclosure of self-improving communication. We understand the messages from other people as far as we understand most of the others individually. We can better understand what someone says if we know the better person.We can know what the meaning of certain nuances, if that person is being serious and when he was joking, and when he became sarcastic or when I'm angry. Self-disclosure is a necessary condition to get to know other people. You can only examine a person's behavior or even live with him for years, but if that person never reveals himself, you do not understand the person as a whole person. 5. Depth Communications. Perhaps the main reason for the importance of self-disclosure is that it is necessary to foster a meaningful relationship between two people.Without self-disclosure, meaningful and deep relationships are not possible. Through self-disclosure, we tell others that we trust them, respect them, and they will care enough and will link us to express ourselves to them. It then will make others want to open up and establish a t least the beginning of a relationship that is meaningful, honest and open relationship and that relationship just improvise. SELF DISCLOSURE DANGERS: In weighing any decision to self-disclosure, consider the potential dangers: Personal RisksThe more you reveal about yourself to others, the more areas of your life you expose to possible attack. Especially in the competitive context of work (or even romance), the more that others know about you, the more they’ll be able to use against you Relationship Risks Even in close and long-lasting relationships, self-disclosure can cause problems. Parents, normally the most supportive people in most individuals’ lives, frequently reject children who disclose their homosexuality, their plans to marry someone of a different race, or their belief in another faith.Your best friends—your closest intimates—may reject you for similar self-disclosures. Professional Risks Sometimes self-disclosure may result in professional or material losses. Politicians who disclose that they have been in therapy may lose the support of their own political party and find that voters are unwilling to vote for them. Teachers who disclose disagreement with school administrators may find themselves being denied tenure, teaching undesirable schedules, and becoming victims of â€Å"budget cuts. In the business world self-disclosures of alcoholism or drug addiction often result in dismissal, demotion, or social exclusion. Remember too that self-disclosure, like any other communication, is irreversible. You cannot self-disclose and then take it back. Nor can you erase the conclusions and inferences listeners make on the basis of your disclosures. Remember, too, to examine the rewards and dangers of self-disclosure in terms of particular cultural rules. As with all cultural rules, following the rules about self-disclosure brings approval, and violating them brings disapproval.

A Comparison Of The Catcher In The Rye And The Adv Essays

A Comparison Of The Catcher In The Rye And The Adv Essays A Comparison Of The Catcher In The Rye And The Adventures of Huck Finn English A Comparison Of The Catcher In The Rye And The Adventures of Huck Finn by Keith Eich [emailprotected] neonet.net/keith There are a bunch of gramatical errors, but the paper got an A.. The forthcoming of American literature proposes two distinct Realistic novels portraying characters which are tested with a plethora of adventures. In this essay, two great American novels are compared: The Adventures of Huck Finn by Mark Twain and The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger. The Adventures of Huck Finn is a novel based on the adventures of a boy named Huck Finn, who along with a slave, Jim, make their way along the Mississippi River during the Nineteenth Century. The Catcher In The Rye is a novel about a young man called Holden Caulfield, who travels from Pencey Prep to New York City struggling with his own neurotic problems. These two novels can be compared using the Cosmogonic Cycle with both literal and symbolic interpretations. The Cosmogonic Cycle is a name for a universal and archetypal situation. There are six parts that make up the cycle: the call to adventure, the threshold crossing, the road of trials, the supreme test, a flight or a flee, and finally a return. There are more parts they do not necessarily fall into the same order, examples of these are symbolic death and motifs. The Cosmogonic Cycle is an interesting way to interpret literature because is Universal or correlates with any time period and any situation. The Call to Adventure is the first of the Cosmogonic Cycle. It is the actual "call to adventure" that one receives to begin the cycle. There are many ways that this is found in literature including going by desire, by chance, by abduction, and by being lured by an outside force. In The Adventures of Huck Finn, Huck is forced with the dilemma of whether to stay with his father and continue to be abused or to leave. Huck goes because he desires to begin his journey. In The Catcher In The Rye, Holden mentally is torn between experience and innocence, it would seem to him that an outside force is luring him to do something but in actuality he is beginning his journey because of his desire. The Call to Adventure is the first step in the Cosmogonic Cycle, it is the step at which the character or hero is brought into cycle. The Threshold Crossing is the second step, it is the place or the person that which the character crosses over or through into the Zone Unknown. The Zone Unknown being the place where the journey takes place. The threshold crossing is often associated with a character change or an appearance change. An example of this is in The Wizard of Oz, when the movie goes from black and white to color, showing a visual symbolic death. A symbolic death is another part to the Cosmogonic Cycle of which the character goes through a change and emerges a more complete person or more experienced. In The Adventures of Huck Finn, a symbolic death is very apparent during the scene in which Huck sets up his fathers cabin to look like Huck was brutally murder. Huck emerges as a runway child and now must be careful of what he does, so that he does not get caught. Huck also tells people false aliases for himself so that no one knows his true identity. Every time that he does this he is symbolically dying and reemerges a more experienced person. In The Catcher In The Rye, Holden also uses fake names, but Holden symbolically dies through fainting, changing the position of his red hunting hat, and is associated with bathrooms. The bathroom motif, or the reoccurring appearance of a bathroom, symbolizes death for Holden because he enters bathrooms with a neurotic and pragmatic frame of mind and exits with a cleared mind. The use of symbolic death and motifs is associated with the Threshold Crossing, the second step of the Cosmogonic Cycle. The Road of Trials is the next step in the Cosmogonic Cycle, which are the obstacles which the character faces throughout the literary work. In The Adventures of Huck Finn, Hucks Road of Trials occurs on the Mississippi River. He faces many obstacles, including moral decisions of right and wrong, dealing with con-artists, and helping a runaway slave. He promulgates more experienced from his journey down the river on his raft. In The Catcher In The Rye,